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AMDThe credible second source: Instinct GPUs, EPYC CPUs and the ROCm stack. Santa Clara, US AMD BT Biren TechnologyShanghai GPU designer rebuilt around export-compliant parts. Shanghai, CN 私有 BroadcomThe quiet giant of custom AI silicon and the switch chips inside every fabric. Palo Alto, US AVGO CT Cambricon TechnologiesChina's listed AI-chip champion and prime NVIDIA-substitution play. Beijing, CN 私有 CS Cerebras SystemsThe wafer-scale company: one chip per wafer, sold as systems and cloud tokens. Sunnyvale, US 私有 ET EtchedThe startup betting silicon permanence on the transformer architecture. Cupertino, US 私有 FU FuriosaAIKorean inference-chip designer that reportedly turned down Meta. Seoul, KR 私有 GR GraphcoreThe UK's IPU pioneer, now SoftBank's AI-silicon arm. Bristol, UK 私有 GR GroqDeterministic inference hardware from the engineer who started Google's TPU. Mountain View, US 私有 HU HuaweiChina's sanctioned giant: Ascend chips, CloudMatrix systems, CANN software. Shenzhen, CN 私有 IntelThe fallen incumbent betting everything on its 18A process and foundry turnaround. Santa Clara, US INTC MarvellCustom AI silicon and the electro-optics that carry data between racks. Santa Clara, US MRVL NV NVIDIAThe company the AI build-out is denominated in: GPUs, systems, networking and CUDA. Santa Clara, US NVDA QualcommThe mobile-silicon giant re-entering the data center for inference. San Diego, US QCOM RE RebellionsKorea's merged national AI-chip champion, fabbed by Samsung. Seongnam, KR 私有 SS SambaNova SystemsFull-stack AI systems built around a reconfigurable dataflow architecture. Palo Alto, US 私有 TE TenstorrentJim Keller's open-source RISC-V AI company — chips, cards and licensable IP. Toronto, CA 私有 DM d-MatrixIn-memory compute for the economics of small-batch inference. Santa Clara, US 私有

ASE TechnologyThe world's largest packaging and test house (OSAT). Kaohsiung, TW ASX AT Amkor TechnologyThe US-headquartered OSAT building advanced packaging in Arizona. Tempe, US AMKR GL GlobalFoundriesThe trailing-edge specialist that still fabricates Groq's LPU. Malta, US GFS SM SMICChina's leading foundry, pushing 7 nm-class production without EUV. Shanghai, CN 私有 TS TSMCThe indispensable factory: nearly every leading AI chip is made here. Hsinchu, TW TSM

Micron TechnologyAmerica's memory maker, sold out of HBM generations in advance. Boise, US MU SK hynixThe HBM leader — NVIDIA's primary memory supplier through the boom. Icheon, KR 000660.KS Samsung ElectronicsMemory giant and foundry challenger, fighting back for HBM share. Suwon, KR 005930.KS

AS ASMLThe only maker of EUV lithography machines — a literal monopoly at the source. Veldhoven, NL ASML AM Applied MaterialsThe broadest toolmaker: deposition, etch, implant — and packaging tools too. Santa Clara, US AMAT BS BE Semiconductor (Besi)The hybrid-bonding specialist for the 3D-stacking era. Duiven, NL BESI.AS DC DISCO CorporationThe company that cuts and grinds nearly every advanced chip. Tokyo, JP 6146.T KL KLAProcess control: the inspection tools that make advanced yields possible. Milpitas, US KLAC LR Lam ResearchEtch and deposition leader — critical to HBM's through-silicon vias. Fremont, US LRCX TE Tokyo ElectronJapan's equipment giant — coaters, etchers and bonders in every fab. Tokyo, JP 8035.T

AR ArmThe instruction set of the AI data center's CPUs — licensed, not manufactured. Cambridge, UK ARM Cadence Design SystemsThe other EDA duopolist — and a growing seller of AI-accelerated design. San Jose, US CDNS SynopsysThe largest chip-design software company — every AI chip is designed in EDA. Sunnyvale, US SNPS

CE CelesticaThe Canadian EMS firm riding hyperscaler networking and AI systems. Toronto, CA CLS Dell TechnologiesThe enterprise heavyweight whose XE9680 line became an AI-server franchise. Round Rock, US DELL Foxconn (Hon Hai)The iPhone assembler that quietly became the largest AI-server builder. New Taipei, TW 2317.TW Hewlett Packard EnterpriseSupercomputing pedigree (Cray) plus the Juniper networking acquisition. Spring, US HPE JA JabilUS manufacturing scale for servers, photonics and liquid-cooling hardware. St. Petersburg, US JBL LenovoThe global #3 server maker with a strong liquid-cooling line (Neptune). Beijing, CN 0992.HK QC Quanta ComputerThe hyperscalers' original ODM — racks straight to Meta, Google and AWS. Taoyuan, TW 2382.TW SU SupermicroThe fastest mover in GPU servers — first to market with each NVIDIA generation. San Jose, US SMCI WI WiwynnThe pure-play hyperscale ODM spun out of Wistron. New Taipei, TW 6669.TW

AM AmphenolConnectors and cable assemblies in every server, switch and rack. Wallingford, US APH AN Arista NetworksThe Ethernet switch leader of the AI back-end network. Santa Clara, US ANET AL Astera LabsPCIe retimers and CXL connectivity inside nearly every AI server. San Jose, US ALAB CA Celestial AIThe Photonic Fabric: optical links from any chip to any memory. Santa Clara, US 私有 CI CienaCoherent optics linking AI data centers across cities and oceans. Hanover, US CIEN CiscoThe networking incumbent pushing its own silicon into AI fabrics. San Jose, US CSCO CO CoherentOne of the largest makers of the optical transceivers AI clusters consume by the million. Saxonburg, US COHR CO CorningThe fiber-optic cable itself — glass demand doubled by AI campuses. Corning, US GLW CT Credo TechnologyActive electrical cables — the copper that wires racks together. San Jose, US CRDO FA FabrinetThe contract manufacturer behind NVIDIA's optical transceivers. Bangkok, TH FN LI LightmatterPhotonic interconnect — moving light into the chip package itself. Mountain View, US 私有 LU LumentumLasers and photonics for the optical layer of AI networks. San Jose, US LITE NokiaOptical transport and data-center routing — with NVIDIA as a 2025 investor. Espoo, FI NOK TC TE ConnectivityThe other connector giant wiring AI racks and power paths. Galway, IE TEL

AB ABBSwiss electrification giant supplying medium-voltage gear to hyperscale sites. Zurich, CH ABBNY BE Bloom EnergyFuel cells as bridge power for grid-constrained AI sites. San Jose, US BE CaterpillarGensets and gas engines — plus the machines digging the sites. Irving, US CAT CumminsBackup generators — every hall's insurance policy. Columbus, US CMI DE Delta ElectronicsPower supplies and cooling for a huge share of the world's AI racks. Taipei, TW 2308.TW EA EatonSwitchgear, UPS and busway — the electrical spine of every data hall. Dublin, IE ETN GV GE VernovaAmerica's turbine and grid champion — sold out of gas turbines into the 2030s. Cambridge, US GEV HE Hitachi EnergyThe world's largest transformer maker — the grid's longest lead-time item. Zurich, CH 6501.T InfineonPower semiconductors from grid to GPU — partner on NVIDIA's 800V architecture. Neubiberg, DE IFX.DE MH Mitsubishi Heavy IndustriesThe third member of the gas-turbine oligopoly feeding AI campuses. Tokyo, JP 7011.T MP Monolithic Power SystemsThe voltage regulators feeding each GPU its thousand amps. Kirkland, US MPWR NS Navitas SemiconductorGaN power chips named into NVIDIA's next-gen power designs. Torrance, US NVTS Rolls-RoyceBackup power today, small modular reactors tomorrow. London, UK RR.L SE Schneider ElectricPower distribution plus cooling (Motivair) — a full data-center electrical stack. Rueil-Malmaison, FR SU.PA SE Siemens EnergyGas turbines and grid equipment — order books stretched by AI power demand. Munich, DE ENR.DE ON onsemiSilicon-carbide and power chips pushing into data-center supply units. Scottsdale, US ON

AS AsetekThe liquid-cooling patent pioneer, from gaming PCs to data centers. Aalborg, DK 私有 BO BoydThermal engineering at scale: cold plates, loops and heat exchangers. Pleasanton, US 私有 CS CoolIT SystemsCold plates and CDUs from the direct-liquid-cooling pioneer. Calgary, CA 私有 LI LiquidStackImmersion-cooling specialist now spanning tanks and CDUs. Carrollton, US 私有 MU MuntersAir-handling and evaporative cooling for hyperscale halls. Stockholm, SE 私有 SU SubmerEuropean immersion-cooling maker for dense AI and edge compute. Barcelona, ES 私有 VE VertivThe pure-play data-center infrastructure leader: cooling, UPS, busway. Westerville, US VRT

AD Aligned Data CentersHigh-density specialist that raised a record $12B+ equity round in 2025. Plano, US 私有 CyrusOneKKR/GIP-owned wholesale developer expanding for AI tenants. Dallas, US 私有 DR Digital RealtyWholesale data-center REIT with 300+ facilities on six continents. Dallas, US DLR EQ EquinixThe interconnection king: 270+ data centers where networks meet. Redwood City, US EQIX GH GDS HoldingsChina's leading carrier-neutral data-center developer. Shanghai, CN GDS IM Iron MountainThe records giant that built a fast-growing data-center arm. Portsmouth, US IRM NG NTT Global Data CentersJapan's giant with one of the world's largest colocation footprints. Tokyo, JP 9432.T QD QTS Data CentersBlackstone's data-center arm — the largest private development pipeline in the US. Overland Park, US 私有 SW SwitchThe Citadel and other US mega-campuses, taken private by DigitalBridge. Las Vegas, US 私有 VD Vantage Data CentersDigitalBridge-backed hyperscale developer building gigawatt campuses. Denver, US 私有

AE American Electric PowerOhio's transmission giant handling the New Albany AI corridor. Columbus, US AEP BT BWX TechnologiesThe nuclear component manufacturer every reactor program runs through. Lynchburg, US BWXT CE Constellation EnergyAmerica's largest nuclear fleet — restarting Three Mile Island for Microsoft. Baltimore, US CEG DE Dominion EnergyThe utility of Data Center Alley — more AI load than anywhere on Earth. Richmond, US D DE Duke EnergySoutheast utility signing AI campuses across the Carolinas. Charlotte, US DUK EN EntergyLouisiana's utility powering Meta's Hyperion with new gas turbines. New Orleans, US ETR HI Holtec InternationalThe company that did the 'impossible': restarting the Palisades reactor. Jupiter, US 私有 KP Kairos PowerGoogle's SMR partner: molten-salt-cooled reactors, 500 MW by 2035. Alameda, US 私有 NE NRG EnergyTexas retail-and-generation player building gas plants with GE Vernova for data centers. Houston, US NRG NE NextEra EnergyThe renewables superpower selling speed-to-power to data centers. Juno Beach, US NEE NP NuScale PowerThe only SMR design with US NRC approval — still awaiting its first order build. Portland, US SMR OK OkloFast-reactor startup, long chaired by Sam Altman, targeting data-center power. Santa Clara, US OKLO Sempra (Oncor)Owner of Oncor, the Texas wires company fielding a 100+ GW interconnection queue. San Diego, US SRE SC Southern CompanyOwner of Vogtle — America's newest big reactors — amid Georgia's data-center boom. Atlanta, US SO TE Talen EnergySusquehanna nuclear next to an AWS campus — the original co-location deal. Houston, US TLN TE TerraPowerBill Gates's Natrium reactor, under construction in Wyoming. Bellevue, US 私有 US Department of EnergyThe public sector's compute and power heavyweight: exascale labs, loans, reactors. Washington, US 私有 VI VistraTexas's merchant power giant — nuclear, gas and batteries into ERCOT. Irving, US VST WE WestinghouseThe AP1000 builder positioned for a US large-reactor revival. Cranberry, US 私有 XE X-energyAmazon-backed high-temperature gas reactor developer. Rockville, US 私有

AlibabaChina's biggest cloud and the maker of Qwen — the world's most-forked open models. Hangzhou, CN BABA Amazon Web ServicesThe largest cloud, building custom silicon and gigawatt campuses for Anthropic. Seattle, US AMZN Google (Alphabet)The only company vertically integrated from TPU silicon to frontier models. Mountain View, US GOOGL IBMEnterprise AI (watsonx, Granite) plus the quantum roadmap. Armonk, US IBM MicrosoftAzure, the OpenAI alliance, Copilot — and Fairwater-class AI factories. Redmond, US MSFT OracleThe late-arriving cloud that bet the company on OpenAI and Stargate. Austin, US ORCL TencentWeChat's owner: Hunyuan models and China's other hyperscale cloud. Shenzhen, CN 0700.HK

AD Applied DigitalNorth Dakota mega-campuses leased to CoreWeave — miner-to-AI conversion story. Dallas, US APLD CO CoreWeaveThe crypto-miner turned $20B-contract AI hyperscaler — the defining neocloud. Livingston, US CRWV CR CrusoeEnergy-first AI builder: from flare-gas computing to constructing Stargate Abilene. San Francisco, US 私有 G4 G42The UAE's state-linked AI champion — Microsoft-invested, Cerebras's anchor. Abu Dhabi, AE 私有 IR IRENBitcoin miner turned AI cloud with a reported $9.7B Microsoft GPU deal. Sydney, AU IREN LA LambdaThe developer-facing GPU cloud that landed a multi-billion Microsoft deal. San Jose, US 私有 NE NebiusThe ex-Yandex AI cloud with a reported $17B+ Microsoft contract. Amsterdam, NL NBIS TA Together AIOpen-model inference cloud and research shop (FlashAttention lineage). San Francisco, US 私有

AL AI21 LabsIsraeli lab known for the Jamba hybrid Mamba-transformer models. Tel Aviv, IL 私有 AN AnthropicThe safety-focused lab behind Claude — powered by Trainium, TPUs and GPUs at once. San Francisco, US 私有 A( Anysphere (Cursor)Maker of Cursor — the fastest-growing developer product in history (reported). San Francisco, US 私有 BA BaiduChina's search giant: ERNIE models, Apollo Go robotaxis, Kunlun chips. Beijing, CN BIDU BF Black Forest LabsThe Stable Diffusion authors' second act: the FLUX image models. Freiburg, DE 私有 CO CohereEnterprise-only models from a transformer-paper co-author. Toronto, CA 私有 DA DatabricksThe data-lakehouse platform where enterprises actually deploy AI. San Francisco, US 私有 DE DeepSeekThe lab that shook the market: frontier results at a fraction of the compute. Hangzhou, CN 私有 EL ElevenLabsThe voice-AI leader: cloning, dubbing and conversational agents. New York, US 私有 FA Figure AIHumanoid robots with in-house VLA models — a $39B bet on embodied AI. San Jose, US 私有 GD Google DeepMindFrom AlphaGo to Gemini and AlphaFold — the lab with a Nobel Prize on the shelf. London, UK 私有 HF Hugging FaceThe GitHub of models: two million model repos and the open ecosystem's home. New York, US 私有 LA LG AI ResearchKorea's enterprise lab (EXAONE) and FuriosaAI's anchor customer. Seoul, KR 私有 LA Luma AIDream Machine video and multimodal world-model ambitions — Humain-backed. Palo Alto, US 私有 MetaOpen-weights standard-bearer turned superintelligence spender. Menlo Park, US META MI MidjourneyThe bootstrapped image lab that never took venture money. San Francisco, US 私有 MI MiniMaxShanghai lab spanning LLMs, video (Hailuo) and companion apps. Shanghai, CN 私有 MA Mistral AIEurope's frontier hope — efficient open models, ASML-led funding. Paris, FR 私有 MA Moonshot AIMaker of Kimi — trillion-parameter open MoE models with agentic focus. Beijing, CN 私有 OP OpenAIMaker of ChatGPT and GPT-5 — and the buyer behind the biggest compute deals ever signed. San Francisco, US 私有 PA PalantirOntology-driven AI deployment for governments and industry. Denver, US PLTR PE PerplexityThe answer engine attacking Google head-on — browser and all. San Francisco, US 私有 PI Physical IntelligenceFoundation models for any robot — the π0 lab. San Francisco, US 私有 RU RunwayVideo generation for filmmakers — Gen-4 and Hollywood partnerships. New York, US 私有 SS Safe SuperintelligenceIlya Sutskever's one-product company: superintelligence, safely, nothing else. Palo Alto, US 私有 SA Scale AIThe data-labeling giant Meta bought half of for $14.3B. San Francisco, US 私有 SA Stability AIThe company that open-sourced image generation — then nearly collapsed. London, UK 私有 SU SunoText-to-song generation — and the music industry's test case. Cambridge, US 私有 TeslaReal-world AI at automotive scale: FSD, Optimus, and the AI5 chip program. Austin, US TSLA TM Thinking Machines LabMira Murati's lab — a record $2B seed and a fine-tuning product (Tinker). San Francisco, US 私有 WaymoThe only driverless service operating at real commercial scale. Mountain View, US 私有 ZA Zhipu AI (Z.ai)Tsinghua-born lab behind the GLM open-model line. Beijing, CN 私有 XA xAIElon Musk's lab: Grok models and the fastest data-center build ever seen. Palo Alto, US 私有

BL BlackstoneThe largest private-capital owner of data centers (QTS) and their power. New York, US BX BR BrookfieldOwner of Westinghouse and a global data-center + renewables platform. Toronto, CA BN KK KKRCyrusOne's owner and half of a $50B AI-infrastructure alliance. New York, US KKR MG MGXAbu Dhabi's $100B AI fund — Stargate's sovereign capital. Abu Dhabi, AE 私有 SG SoftBank GroupMasayoshi Son's everything-bet on AI: Arm, OpenAI, Stargate, Ampere, Graphcore. Tokyo, JP 9984.T