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Data Sources

Every figure on this site traces to one of the source classes below; record pages cite their specific sources, and every figure carries a basis label.

SourceWhat it suppliesFreshness
Vendor documentationChip, system and technology specifications (NVIDIA, AMD, Google, AWS, Intel, TSMC, memory makers and peers) — labeled "vendor spec" or "vendor claim"Reviewed per record; as-of date shown
Official filings & announcementsCompany statements, 10-K/10-Q figures, government and operator announcements (DOE, NRC, utilities) — labeled "official"Reviewed per record
Papers & standards bodiesPeer-reviewed and technical-report figures (arXiv, Nature); JEDEC, PCI-SIG, OCP, UEC and consortium specificationsStable references
Reputable reportingFacts not in primary documents (deployment scales, prices, project details) — labeled "reported"; analyst figures (TrendForce, Epoch AI, SemiAnalysis) — labeled "estimate"Reviewed per record
IEA "Energy and AI" (2025)Data-centre electricity estimates and projections on the Trends page — labeled with scenarioReport vintage stated
Financial Modeling PrepDelayed quotes and market caps for listed companiesHourly; delayed 15–20+ min
Mainstream & specialist news feedsTom's Hardware, HPCwire, The Next Platform, SemiAnalysis, Data Center Dynamics, Data Center Knowledge, Utility Dive, Ars Technica, IEEE Spectrum, MIT Technology Review, The Verge, TechCrunch, CNBC — always credited and linked outHourly

Data may be incomplete or revised by its source at any time; structured records are snapshots with as-of dates — verify against primary sources before acting.