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One hundred sixty-five companies, and almost every one is a chokepoint somebody worries about. Browse by layer and notice how often the answer to 'who else makes this?' is nobody — that concentration is the single most important fact about this industry.

Start with these three

TSMC Where nearly everything on this site is physically made. ASML A literal monopoly at the very bottom of the stack. NVIDIA The company the whole build-out is denominated in.
All segments Chip Designers & SemisFoundry & PackagingMemorySemiconductor EquipmentEDA & IPServers & HardwareNetworkingPower & ElectricalCooling & ThermalData Center OperatorsUtilities & GenerationCloud & HyperscaleAI CloudAI Labs & SoftwareCapital & Investors

Networking

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AM AmphenolConnectors and cable assemblies in every server, switch and rack. Wallingford, US APH AN Arista NetworksThe Ethernet switch leader of the AI back-end network. Santa Clara, US ANET AL Astera LabsPCIe retimers and CXL connectivity inside nearly every AI server. San Jose, US ALAB CA Celestial AIThe Photonic Fabric: optical links from any chip to any memory. Santa Clara, US Private CI CienaCoherent optics linking AI data centers across cities and oceans. Hanover, US CIEN CiscoThe networking incumbent pushing its own silicon into AI fabrics. San Jose, US CSCO CO CoherentOne of the largest makers of the optical transceivers AI clusters consume by the million. Saxonburg, US COHR CO CorningThe fiber-optic cable itself — glass demand doubled by AI campuses. Corning, US GLW CT Credo TechnologyActive electrical cables — the copper that wires racks together. San Jose, US CRDO FA FabrinetThe contract manufacturer behind NVIDIA's optical transceivers. Bangkok, TH FN LI LightmatterPhotonic interconnect — moving light into the chip package itself. Mountain View, US Private LU LumentumLasers and photonics for the optical layer of AI networks. San Jose, US LITE NokiaOptical transport and data-center routing — with NVIDIA as a 2025 investor. Espoo, FI NOK TC TE ConnectivityThe other connector giant wiring AI racks and power paths. Galway, IE TEL

Public companies link through to the Stocks page. Download: companies.csv