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Home › Technologies › NVLink & NVSwitch

NVLink & NVSwitch

Technology Networking

NVIDIA's scale-up fabric: what makes 72 GPUs one computer.

You're looking at a technology record: a building block of AI hardware — what it does, who makes it, and which chips and systems use it.

NVLink is the coherent, memory-speed link between NVIDIA GPUs — 900 GB/s per GPU in generation 4 (Hopper), 1.8 TB/s in generation 5 (Blackwell) — and NVSwitch extends it into an all-to-all domain: 8 GPUs in an HGX board, 72 in a GB200 NVL72 rack. This scale-up domain is NVIDIA's deepest moat; competitors answered with the open UALink standard. NVLink Fusion (2025) opens the fabric to third-party CPUs and accelerators on NVIDIA's terms.

Specifications & key facts

Each figure is labeled by basis: vendor spec, vendor claim, reported, estimate, or official. "Not publicly disclosed" means exactly that — we never invent values.

Overview

Bandwidth per GPU NVLink 3: 600 GB/s · NVLink 4: 900 GB/s · NVLink 5: 1.8 TB/sVendor spec
Domain size 8 GPUs (HGX) → 72 GPUs (NVL72) → 576 targeted (Rubin Ultra)Vendor spec

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NVIDIA NVLink page ↗

Record reviewed as of 2026-01-15 — see Methodology.