Note sul campo
La verità poco glamour della grande IA: è la rete a decidere quanto del tuo cluster da un miliardo di dollari riesci davvero a usare. La guerra da seguire è quella tra l'impero del rame e l'Ethernet aperto — i fabric proprietari di NVIDIA contro lo standard condiviso di tutti gli altri.
Inizia da questi tre
N&
NVLink & NVSwitch
Il fossato più profondo di NVIDIA, forgiato nel rame. Il motivo per cui 72 GPU possono agire come una sola.
UE
Ultra Ethernet
La risposta collettiva del settore, pubblicata come spec aperta nel 2025.
8&
800G & 1.6T Optics
Dove va silenziosamente il denaro — i cluster ne consumano centinaia di migliaia.
Interconnects & fabrics
9
N&
NVLink & NVSwitch
NVIDIA's scale-up fabric: what makes 72 GPUs one computer.
IN
InfiniBand
The low-latency training fabric NVIDIA acquired with Mellanox.
8&
800G & 1.6T Optics
The pluggable transceivers AI clusters consume by the hundreds of thousands.
CP
Co-Packaged Optics
Light brought onto the switch package — the next power saver.
PE
PCI Express
The universal socket: how accelerators, NICs and CPUs meet.
R(
RoCE (RDMA over Ethernet)
The transport trick that lets ordinary Ethernet move GPU memory.
SX
Spectrum-X Ethernet
NVIDIA's answer to losing Ethernet: an AI-tuned Ethernet of its own.
UA
UALink
The open scale-up standard: everyone-but-NVIDIA's answer to NVLink.
UE
Ultra Ethernet
The industry consortium rebuilding Ethernet for AI — 1.0 spec shipped 2025.
Networking companies
14
AN
Arista Networks
The Ethernet switch leader of the AI back-end network.
AM
Amphenol
Connectors and cable assemblies in every server, switch and rack.
AL
Astera Labs
PCIe retimers and CXL connectivity inside nearly every AI server.
CA
Celestial AI
The Photonic Fabric: optical links from any chip to any memory.
CI
Ciena
Coherent optics linking AI data centers across cities and oceans.
Cisco
The networking incumbent pushing its own silicon into AI fabrics.
CO
Coherent
One of the largest makers of the optical transceivers AI clusters consume by the million.
CO
Corning
The fiber-optic cable itself — glass demand doubled by AI campuses.
CT
Credo Technology
Active electrical cables — the copper that wires racks together.
FA
Fabrinet
The contract manufacturer behind NVIDIA's optical transceivers.
LI
Lightmatter
Photonic interconnect — moving light into the chip package itself.
LU
Lumentum
Lasers and photonics for the optical layer of AI networks.
Nokia
Optical transport and data-center routing — with NVIDIA as a 2025 investor.
TC
TE Connectivity
The other connector giant wiring AI racks and power paths.
Cisco
The networking incumbent pushing its own silicon into AI fabrics.
CO
Coherent
One of the largest makers of the optical transceivers AI clusters consume by the million.
CO
Corning
The fiber-optic cable itself — glass demand doubled by AI campuses.
CT
Credo Technology
Active electrical cables — the copper that wires racks together.
FA
Fabrinet
The contract manufacturer behind NVIDIA's optical transceivers.
LI
Lightmatter
Photonic interconnect — moving light into the chip package itself.
LU
Lumentum
Lasers and photonics for the optical layer of AI networks.
Nokia
Optical transport and data-center routing — with NVIDIA as a 2025 investor.
TC
TE Connectivity
The other connector giant wiring AI racks and power paths.