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Catatan lapangan

Hardware yang mendapat sorotan, tapi software-lah tempat ketergantungan sesungguhnya bersarang. Satu platform di sini sudah cukup umur untuk memilih dan masih menentukan chip apa yang orang beli; entri termuda baru berusia dua tahun dan sudah menjadi fondasi penting bagi era agen.

Mulai dengan tiga ini

CU CUDA Dua dekade pustaka kode — parit pertahanan terdalam dalam dunia teknologi. VL vLLM Mesin terbuka yang melayani sebagian besar token di dunia. MC Model Context Protocol (MCP) Port universal era agen, diadopsi secara industri-luas dalam satu tahun.

Compute platforms & kernels

5
CU CUDA NVIDIA's programming platform — the deepest moat in the industry. Agen NC NCCL The collective-communications library every distributed training run calls. Agen RO ROCm AMD's open-source answer to CUDA — the gap that narrowed at last. Agen T( Triton (OpenAI) Python-level GPU kernels — the community's crowbar under the CUDA moat. Agen X/ XLA / OpenXLA The compiler that makes TPUs programmable — now an open project. Agen

Framework pelatihan

5
PY PyTorch The framework nearly every modern model is written in. Agen DE DeepSpeed Microsoft's scaling toolkit — ZeRO sharding made huge models trainable. Agen JAX Composable function transforms — the framework Gemini is built with. Agen MC Megatron-Core NVIDIA's reference recipe for trillion-parameter training. Agen TensorFlow The 2015 giant that industrialized deep learning — now in JAX's shadow. Dipelihara

Inference & serving

6
VL vLLM The open-source serving engine that made GPU inference efficient. Agen OR ONNX Runtime The portable format for shipping models across hardware. Agen OL Ollama One command to run an open model locally. Agen SG SGLang The high-performance serving runtime born from RadixAttention research. Agen TL TensorRT-LLM & Dynamo NVIDIA's tuned inference stack — peak tokens from its own silicon. Agen LL llama.cpp The C++ project that put LLMs on laptops — and invented GGUF. Agen

Orchestration & cluster management

3
Kubernetes The cloud's operating system, retrofitted for GPUs. Agen RA Ray Distributed Python for the whole ML pipeline — Anyscale's engine. Agen SL Slurm The HPC batch scheduler most big training runs still queue through. Agen

Libraries, tooling & the agent layer

4
MC Model Context Protocol (MCP) The open standard connecting AI models to tools and data — USB-C for agents. Agen HF Hugging Face Transformers The library that standardized how models are shared and loaded. Agen L& LangChain & LangGraph The scaffolding layer of the agent era. Agen W& Weights & Biases Experiment tracking for the training runs on this site — now CoreWeave-owned. Agen