DeepSpeed
Microsoft's scaling toolkit — ZeRO sharding made huge models trainable.
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DeepSpeed's ZeRO optimizer sharding let models far larger than one GPU's memory train efficiently, powering the Megatron-Turing era and countless open efforts since. Its ideas (now echoed by PyTorch FSDP) defined how the industry splits models across thousands of devices.
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Record reviewed as of 2026-01-15 — see Methodology.