The Turing Test
1950's benchmark, quietly passed — and quietly retired.
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Turing proposed conversation indistinguishability as a practical stand-in for 'can machines think.' Modern chatbots pass controlled imitation-game studies (a 2025 UCSD preprint reported GPT-4.5-class models judged human more often than humans), yet the milestone landed without ceremony — the field had already moved its goalposts to reasoning benchmarks, and philosophers note passing says more about human judges than machine minds.
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Sources
Computing Machinery and Intelligence (1950) ↗
Record reviewed as of 2026-01-15 — see Methodology.