The Chinese Room
Searle's 1980 challenge: does symbol manipulation ever become understanding?
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Searle imagined a person following rules to answer Chinese questions without knowing Chinese — syntactically perfect, semantically empty — arguing computation alone cannot produce understanding. LLMs made the thought experiment mainstream again: critics call them 'stochastic parrots'; opponents reply that the system as a whole may understand even if no part does, and that the same skeptical move applies to neurons. Unresolved, and newly urgent.
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Rekaman ditinjau per 2026-01-15 — lihat Metodologi.