AI Regulation ☆

The EU AI Act (in force August 2024, obligations phasing through 2027) is the first comprehensive AI law — risk tiers, GPAI model duties, compute-threshold triggers. The US swung from the 2023 safety-focused executive order to a 2025 acceleration-and-exports posture; state laws (California, Colorado) fill gaps; China licenses models before release. For infrastructure, permitting and energy policy now matter as much as model rules.